Name: APPLE - 11-inch iPad Pro Wi-Fi - 4:e generation - surfplatta - 512 GB - 11"
Brand: APPLE
SKU: 1003337720
Availability: PreOrder

Apple iPad Pro 11" Gen 4 (October 2022)

iPad Pro Supercharged by M2
Astonishing performance. Incredibly advanced displays. Superfast wireless connectivity. Next-level Apple Pencil capabilities. Powerful new features in iPadOS 16. The ultimate iPad experience.

M2 chip. Next generation performance.
- M2 chip. The M2 chip is the next generation of Apple silicon, with an 8‑core CPU that delivers up to 15 percent faster performance and a 10‑core GPU that provides up to 35 percent faster graphics performance. With a 40 percent faster Neural Engine to accelerate machine learning tasks and 50 percent more memory bandwidth, M2 brings astonishing performance and new capabilities to iPad Pro. So you can create photorealistic 3D designs, build intricate AR models, and play games with console‑quality graphics at high frame rates faster than ever. All while enjoying all‑day battery life.
- A complete movie studio in your hands. The high-performance media engine on M2 accelerates ProRes encode and decode. You can convert video projects to ProRes up to 3x faster than before. And with the image signal processor in M2 and advanced cameras on iPad Pro, you can now capture ProRes video. Five studio‑quality microphones and four-speaker audio with support for Dolby Atmos let you record and deliver theater‑qualilty sound.

11” Liquid Retina display.Pixel‑perfect portability.
- Easy on the eyes. Easy to carry. The Liquid Retina display on the 11‑inch iPad Pro is not only gorgeous and portable, it also features incredibly advanced technologies. Like ProMotion, True Tone, P3 wide color, and ultralow reflectivity, which make everything feel responsive and look stunning.

iPadOS. Expand what’s possible.
- Enhanced ways to work. iPadOS 16 gives you powerful new ways to do more than ever. New desktop-class apps make your workday more productive. Resize and overlap apps to multitask like a pro with Stage Manager. And hook up an external display, with resolutions up to 6K, for even more room for all your apps.

Cameras. Capture and connect.On a deeper level.
- Front-facing camera. iPad Pro features an Ultra Wide camera with a 12MP sensor and a 122‑degree field of view, perfect for capturing photos and video for social posts, FaceTime calls with Center Stage, or epic Portrait mode selfies. And it works with the TrueDepth camera to securely unlock iPad Pro with Face ID.
- Center Stage. Using the Ultra Wide camera and machine learning, Center Stage changes the way you participate in video calls. As you move around, it automatically adjusts to keep you centered in the frame. When others join in or leave the call, the view expands or zooms in. Center Stage works with FaceTime and other video conferencing apps for an even more engaging experience.
- Pro cameras. Advanced Wide and Ultra Wide cameras help you capture the perfect photo or video. And now with support for ProRes video capture, iPad Pro is a complete mobile video studio. The more powerful ISP in the M2 chip also supports Smart HDR 4, so photos shot on iPad look even more true to life.
- LiDAR. The LiDAR Scanner measures how long it takes light to reflect back from objects, so it can create a depth map of any space you’re in and unlock immersive AR experiences. And it works with the powerful ISP to more accurately focus images and videos in low‑light conditions and reduce capture time.

Wi‑Fi 6E and 5G. Fast friends.
- Blazing‑fast connections. iPad has always been uniquely portable with superfast Wi‑Fi and cellular options. With Wi‑Fi 6E, you’ve got the fastest wireless connection available. So you’ll get faster transfers of photos, documents, and large video files.
5G. With 5G capabilities, you can connect to the fastest wireless networks when you need to download files, stream movies, collaborate with colleagues, and upload content on the go. And iPad Pro has the most 5G bands of any device of its kind — so it can get 5G in more places.

Magic Keyboard. Apple Pencil. Endless possibilities..
- Pro accessories. Apple Pencil, Magic Keyboard, and the Smart Keyboard Folio open up even more ways to use iPad Pro. Draw a masterpiece, take notes, or knock out a business plan. These versatile accessories are designed to take your work and creativity to the next level.
- Apple Pencil. With the power of Apple Pencil (2nd generation), iPad Pro transforms into an immersive drawing canvas and the world’s best note‑taking device. It sets the standard for how drawing, marking up documents, and even filling in text fields should feel — intuitive, precise, and magical.
- A new dimension of Apple Pencil. Apple Pencil hover shows you exactly where your Apple Pencil will touch down on your display. So you can write, sketch, and illustrate with even greater precision. Watch apps and widgets expand on the Home Screen as you move over them. Preview your mark before you make it. See how your watercolors mix before you paint. Apple Pencil hover makes everything you do with Apple Pencil even more effortless.
- When Apple Pencil hovers over the display, electromagnetic signals emitted from the tip are detected by the screen up to 12 mm away. M2 instantly interprets those signals and determines the position of Apple Pencil in three dimensions.
- Magic Keyboard. Magic Keyboard features a responsive typing experience and a built‑in trackpad that gives you many more ways to work with iPadOS. So you can write your novel, crank out a term paper, or rip through your inbox. And with backlit keys, you can get things done in any light.

Amazing apps for every workflow.
- Built-in and App Store apps. Do amazing things with incredible apps designed specifically for iPad. iPad Pro comes with essential Apple-designed apps like Safari, Messages, and Keynote. And over a million more apps are available on the App Store.

Specifications:

Finish

Silver, Space Grey

Capacity

128GB
256GB
512GB
1TB
2TB

Size and Weight

Height: 247.6 mm
Width: 178.5 mm
Depth: 5.9 mm
Weight:
- Wi-Fi models: 466 grams
- Wi-Fi + Cellular models: 468 grams

Buttons and Connectors

Front camera
Top button/Touch ID
Volume buttons
Rear camera
Smart Connector
Thunderbolt/USB 4 connector
Nano-SIM tray (Wi-Fi + Cellular)
Magnetic connector for Apple Pencil

In the Box

iPad Pro
USB-C Charge Cable (1 meter)
20W USB-C Power Adapter

Display

Liquid Retina display
11-inch (diagonal) LED backlit Multi‑Touch display with IPS technology
2388-by-1668-pixel resolution at 264 pixels per inch (ppi)
ProMotion technology
Wide color display (P3)
True Tone display
Fingerprint-resistant oleophobic coating
Fully laminated display
Antireflective coating
1.8% reflectivity
SDR brightness: 600 nits max
Supports Apple Pencil (2nd generation)
Apple Pencil hover

Chip

Apple M2 chip
- 8-core CPU with 4 performance cores and 4 efficiency cores
- 10-core GPU
- 16-core Neural Engine
- 100GB/s memory bandwidth
- 8GB RAM on models with 128GB, 256GB, or 512GB storage
- 16GB RAM on models with 1TB or 2TB storage
Media engine
- Hardware-accelerated H.264, HEVC, ProRes, and ProRes RAW
- Video decode engine
- Video encode engine
- ProRes encode and decode engine

Camera

Pro camera system: Wide and Ultra Wide cameras
Wide: 12MP, ƒ/1.8 aperture
Ultra Wide: 10MP, ƒ/2.4 aperture, and 125° field of view
2x optical zoom out
Digital zoom up to 5x
Five‑element lens (Wide and Ultra Wide)
Brighter True Tone flash
Panorama (up to 63MP)
Sapphire crystal lens cover
Autofocus with Focus Pixels (Wide)
Smart HDR 4
Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos
Lens correction (Ultra Wide)
Advanced red-eye correction
Photo geotagging
Auto image stabilization
Burst mode
Image formats captured: HEIF and JPEG

Video Recording

4K video recording at 24 fps, 25 fps, 30 fps, or 60 fps (Wide)
1080p HD video recording at 25 fps, 30 fps, or 60 fps
720p HD video recording at 30 fps
ProRes video recording up to 4K at 30 fps (1080p at 30 fps for 128GB storage)
2x optical zoom out
Audio zoom
Brighter True Tone flash
Slo‑mo video support for 1080p at 120 fps or 240 fps
Time‑lapse video with stabilization
Extended dynamic range for video up to 30 fps
Cinematic video stabilization (4K, 1080p, and 720p)
Continuous autofocus video
Playback zoom
Video formats recorded: HEVC and H.264
Stereo recording

TrueDepth Camera

12MP Ultra Wide camera, 122° field of view
ƒ/2.4 aperture
Portrait mode with advanced bokeh and Depth Control
Portrait Lighting with six effects (Natural, Studio, Contour, Stage, Stage Mono, High‑Key Mono)
Animoji and Memoji
Smart HDR 4
1080p HD video recording at 25 fps, 30 fps, or 60 fps
Time‑lapse video with stabilization
Extended dynamic range for video up to 30 fps
Cinematic video stabilization (1080p and 720p)
Wide color capture for photos and Live Photos
Lens correction
Retina Flash
Auto image stabilization
Burst mode

Video Calling

FaceTime video
Center Stage
iPad to any FaceTime-enabled device over Wi-Fi or cellular

Audio Calling

FaceTime audio
iPad to any FaceTime-enabled device over Wi-Fi or cellular

Speakers

Four speaker audio

Microphones

Five studio-quality microphones for calls, video recording, and audio recording

Cellular and Wireless

All models
- Wi‑Fi 6E (802.11ax) with 2x2 MIMO, simultaneous dual band (2.4GHz and 5GHz)
- Bluetooth 5.3 technology

Wi-Fi + Cellular models
- 5G (sub‑6 GHz) with 4x4 MIMO
- Gigabit LTE with 4x4 MIMO and LAA
Model A2761 and A2437:
- 5G NR (Bands n1, n2, n3, n5, n7, n8, n12, n14, n20, n25, n26, n28, n29, n30, n38, n40, n41, n48, n66, n70, n71, n77, n78, n79)
- FDD-LTE (Bands 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32, 66, 71)
- TD-LTE (Bands 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 46, 48)
- UMTS/HSPA/HSPA+/DC‑HSDPA (850, 900, 1700/2100, 1900, 2100 MHz)
- Data only
- Wi‑Fi calling
- eSIM

SIM Card

Nano‑SIM
eSIM

Location

All models
- Digital compass
- Wi-Fi
- iBeacon microlocation
Wi-Fi + Cellular models
- GPS/GNSS
- Mobile data

Sensors

Face ID
LiDAR Scanner
Three-axis gyro
Accelerometer
Barometer
Ambient light sensor

Face ID

Enabled by TrueDepth camera for facial recognition
Unlock iPad
Secure personal data within apps
Make purchases from the iTunes Store, App Store, and Apple Books

Apple Pay

Pay with your iPad using Face ID within apps and on the web
Send and receive money in Messages

Siri

Use your voice to send messages, set reminders, and more
Get proactive suggestions
Use hands-free
Listen and identify songs

Charging and Expansion

Thunderbolt / USB 4 port with support for:
- Charging
- DisplayPort
- Thunderbolt 3 (up to 40Gb/s)
- USB 4 (up to 40Gb/s)
- USB 3.1 Gen 2 (up to 10Gb/s)

Display Support

Supports full native resolution on the built-in display at millions of colors
- Supports one external display with up to 6K resolution at 60Hz
Thunderbolt 3 digital video output
- Native DisplayPort output over USB-C
- VGA, HDMI, DVI, and Thunderbolt 2 output supported using adapters (sold separately)
Video mirroring
- Up to 4K AirPlay for mirroring, photos, and video out to Apple TV (2nd generation or later) or AirPlay 2–enabled smart TV
- Video mirroring and video out support through USB-C Digital AV Multiport Adapter and USB-C VGA Multiport Adapter (adapters sold separately)

Power and Battery

Built-in 28.65-watt-hour rechargeable lithium-polymer battery

All models
- Up to 10 hours of surfing the web on Wi-Fi or watching video
- Charging via power adapter or USB-C to computer system
Wi-Fi + Cellular models
- Up to 9 hours of surfing the web using cellular data network

Operating System

iPadOS 16
iPadOS comes with powerful features and built-in apps designed to take advantage of the unique capabilities of iPad.

Accessibility

Built-in accessibility features supporting vision, mobility, hearing, and cognitive disabilities help you get the most out of your iPad.
Features include:

Built-in Apps

App Store / Books / Calendar / Camera / Clock / Contacts / FaceTime / Files / Find My / Home / iTunes Store / Magnifier / Mail / Maps / Measure / Messages / Music / News / Notes / Photo Booth / Photos / Podcasts / Reminders / Safari / Settings / Shortcuts / Siri / Stocks / Tips / Translate / TV / Voice Memos / Weather

Free Apps from Apple

Pages / Numbers / Keynote / iMovie / GarageBand / Apple Store / Trailers / Clips / Swift Playgrounds / Support

System Requirements

Apple ID (required for some features)
Internet access

Syncing to a Mac or PC requires:
- macOS Catalina 10.15 or later using the Finder
- macOS El Capitan 10.11.6 through macOS Mojave 10.14.6 using iTunes 12.8 or later
- Windows 10 and iTunes 12.12 or later

Languages

Language support
- English (Australia, UK, U.S.), Chinese (Simplified, Traditional, Traditional – Hong Kong), French (Canada, France), German, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Spanish (Latin America, Spain), Arabic, Bulgarian, Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Kazakh, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Romanian, Russian, Slovak, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese
QuickType keyboard support
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Chinese – Simplified (Handwriting, Pinyin QWERTY, Pinyin 10-Key, Shuangpin, Stroke), Chinese – Traditional (Cangjie, Handwriting, Pinyin QWERTY, Pinyin 10-Key, Shuangpin, Stroke, Sucheng, Zhuyin), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian, Japanese (Kana, Romaji), Korean (2-Set, 10-Key), Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Ainu, Albanian, Amharic, Apache (Western), Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Armenian, Assamese, Assyrian, Azerbaijani, Bangla, Belarusian, Bodo, Bulgarian, Burmese, Cantonese – Traditional (Cangjie, Handwriting, Phonetic, Stroke, Sucheng), Catalan, Cherokee, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dhivehi, Dogri, Dutch, Dzongkha, Emoji, Estonian, Faroese, Filipino, Finnish, Flemish, Fula (Adlam), Georgian, Greek, Gujarati, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi (Devanagari, Latin, Transliteration), Hungarian, Icelandic, Igbo, Indonesian, Irish Gaelic, Kannada, Kashmiri (Arabic, Devanagari), Kazakh, Khmer, Konkani (Devanagari), Kurdish (Arabic, Latin), Kyrgyz, Lao, Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Maithili, Malay (Arabic, Latin), Malayalam, Maltese, Manipuri (Bengali, Meetei Mayek), Māori, Marathi, Mongolian, Navajo, Nepali, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Odia, Pashto, Persian, Persian (Afghanistan), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Punjabi, Rohingya, Romanian, Russian, Samoan, Sanskrit, Santali (Devanagari, Ol Chiki), Serbian (Cyrillic, Latin), Sindhi (Arabic, Devanagari), Sinhala, Slovak, Slovenian, Swahili, Swedish, Tajik, Tamil (Anjal, Tamil 99), Telugu, Thai, Tibetan, Tongan, Turkish, Turkmen, Ukrainian, Urdu, Uyghur, Uzbek (Arabic, Cyrillic, Latin), Vietnamese (Telex, VIQR, VNI), Welsh, Yiddish
QuickType keyboard support with autocorrection
- Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Bangla, Bulgarian, Catalan, Cherokee, Chinese – Simplified (Pinyin QWERTY), Chinese – Traditional (Pinyin QWERTY), Chinese – Traditional (Zhuyin), Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch, English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Estonian, Filipino, Finnish, Dutch (Belgium), French (Belgium), French (Canada), French (France), French (Switzerland), German (Austria), German (Germany), German (Switzerland), Greek, Gujarati, Hawaiian, Hebrew, Hindi (Devanagari, Latin, Transliteration), Hungarian, Icelandic, Indonesian, Irish Gaelic, Italian, Japanese (Kana), Japanese (Romaji), Korean (2-Set, 10-Key), Latvian, Lithuanian, Macedonian, Malay, Marathi, Norwegian (Bokmål), Norwegian (Nynorsk), Persian, Persian (Afghanistan), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Serbian (Cyrillic), Serbian (Latin), Slovak, Slovenian, Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Mexico), Spanish (Spain), Swedish, Tamil (Anjal), Tamil (Tamil 99), Telugu, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Urdu, Vietnamese (Telex)
QuickType keyboard support with predictive input
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Chinese (Simplified, Traditional), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian, Japanese, Korean, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Cantonese (Traditional), Dutch, Hindi (Devanagari, Latin), Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Russian, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Vietnamese
QuickType keyboard support with multilingual input
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Chinese – Simplified (Pinyin), Chinese – Traditional (Pinyin), French (France), French (Belgium), French (Canada), French (Switzerland), German (Germany), German (Austria), German (Switzerland), Italian, Japanese (Romaji), Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Spanish (Spain), Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Mexico), Dutch (Belgium), Dutch (Netherlands), Hindi (Latin), Vietnamese
QuickType keyboard support with contextual suggestions
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Chinese (Simplified), French (Belgium), French (Canada), French (France), French (Switzerland), German (Austria), German (Germany), German (Switzerland), Italian, Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Mexico), Spanish (Spain), Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Dutch (Belgium), Dutch (Netherlands), Hindi (Devanagari), Hindi (Latin), Russian, Swedish, Portuguese (Brazil), Turkish, Vietnamese
QuickPath keyboard support
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Chinese (Simplified Pinyin QWERTY), Chinese (Traditional Pinyin QWERTY), French (Canada), French (France), French (Switzerland), German (Austria), German (Germany), German (Switzerland), Italian, Spanish (Latin America), Spanish (Mexico), Spanish (Spain), Portuguese (Brazil), Portuguese (Portugal), Dutch (Belgium), Dutch (Netherlands), Swedish, Vietnamese
Siri languages
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), Spanish (Chile, Mexico, Spain, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian (Italy, Switzerland), Japanese (Japan), Korean (Republic of Korea), Mandarin Chinese (China mainland, Taiwan), Cantonese (China mainland, Hong Kong), Arabic (Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), Danish (Denmark), Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), Finnish (Finland), Hebrew (Israel), Malay (Malaysia), Norwegian (Norway), Portuguese (Brazil), Russian (Russia), Swedish (Sweden), Thai (Thailand), Turkish (Turkey)
Dictation languages
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Singapore, South Africa, United Arab Emirates, UK, U.S.), Cantonese (China mainland, Hong Kong), Mandarin Chinese (China mainland, Taiwan), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Luxembourg, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian (Italy, Switzerland), Japanese, Korean, Spanish (Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Spain, U.S.), Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Arabic (Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates), Catalan, Croatian, Czech, Danish, Dutch (Belgium, Netherlands), Finnish, Greek, Hebrew, Hindi, Hungarian, Indonesian, Malay, Norwegian (Bokmål), Polish, Romanian, Russian, Shanghainese (China mainland), Slovak, Swedish, Thai, Turkish, Ukrainian, Vietnamese
Monolingual dictionary support
- English (UK, U.S.), Chinese (Simplified, Traditional, Traditional – Hong Kong), Danish, Dutch, French, German, Hebrew, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Thai, Turkish
Idiom dictionary support
- Simplified Chinese, Traditional Chinese – English, Cantonese – English
Bilingual dictionary support
- Arabic – English, Bangla – English, Chinese (Simplified) – English, Chinese (Traditional) – English, Czech – English, Dutch – English, Finnish – English, French – English, French – German, German – English, Gujarati – English, Hindi – English, Hungarian – English, Indonesian – English, Italian – English, Japanese – English, Japanese – Chinese (Simplified), Korean – English, Polish – English, Portuguese – English, Russian – English, Spanish – English, Tamil – English, Telugu – English, Thai – English, Urdu – English, Vietnamese – English
Thesaurus
- English (UK, U.S.), Chinese (Simplified)
Spell check
- English (Australia, Canada, India, Japan, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, UK, U.S.), French (Belgium, Canada, France, Switzerland), German (Austria, Germany, Switzerland), Italian, Spanish (Latin America, Mexico, Spain), Arabic, Arabic (Najdi), Bulgarian, Czech, Danish, Dutch (Netherlands, Belgium), Finnish, Greek, Hindi (Devanagari), Hungarian, Irish Gaelic, Norwegian (Bokmål, Nynorsk), Polish, Portuguese (Brazil, Portugal), Punjabi, Romanian, Russian, Swedish, Telugu, Turkish, Vietnamese
Apple Pay supported regions
- Argentina, Armenia, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, China mainland, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Greenland, Guernsey, Hong Kong, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Isle of Man, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jersey, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Macao, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Moldova, Monaco, Montenegro, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Palestine, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania, Russia, San Marino, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Singapore, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Africa, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, UK, Ukraine, United Arab Emirates, U.S., Vatican City

Video Playback

Supported formats include HEVC, H.264, and ProRes
HDR with Dolby Vision, HDR10, and HLG

Audio Playback

Supported formats include AAC, MP3, Apple Lossless, FLAC, Dolby Digital, Dolby Digital Plus, and Dolby Atmos
Spatial Audio playback
User-conﬁgurable maximum volume limit

Mail Attachment Support

Viewable document types
- .jpg, .tiff, .gif (images); .doc and .docx (Microsoft Word); .htm and .html (web pages); .key (Keynote); .numbers (Numbers); .pages (Pages); .pdf (Preview and Adobe Acrobat); .ppt and .pptx (Microsoft PowerPoint); .txt (text); .rtf (rich text format); .vcf (contact information); .xls and .xlsx (Microsoft Excel); .zip; .ics; .usdz; .pkpass (Wallet)

Environmental Requirements